CO2 sequestration in deltaic sands in Italy

A national oil company assigned e4sciences|Earthworks to determine whether high-resolution crosswell seismic tomography could monitor the injection of CO₂ in deltaic sands. We predicted the effect of injecting CO₂ into the pore space filled with natural gas and water. Various conditions simulated the target reservoir’s state. If the CO₂ replaced water, its saturation was easily measurable because the effects are larger than 10%, but if the CO₂ replaced natural gas, then its saturation was more difficult to measure because the effects are 2% or less. CO₂ injection into a depleted-gas reservoir resulted in measurable effects from the combination of increasing reservoir pressure and CO₂ saturation. CO₂ injection into an undepleted-gas reservoir resulted in pressure effects but much smaller saturation effects.